Major Crops grown in India Statewise | Types & Major Producers | Download PDF
Rabi Crops
- Sown in October-November
- Harvested in April-May.
- Requires warm climate for germination of seeds and maturation and cold climate for the growth.
- Example: Wheat, Oat, Gram, Pea, Barley, Potato, Tomato, Onion, Oil seeds (like Rapeseed, Sunflower, Sesame, Mustard) etc.
Kharif Crops
- Sown in June-July when rains first begin (Monsoon crop).
- Harvested in September-October.
- Requires lot of water and hot weather to grow.
- Example: Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Cotton, Groundnut, Jute, Sugarcane, Turmeric, Pulses (like Urad Dal) etc.
Zaid Crops
- Grown between March-June between Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.
- Early maturing crops.
- Example: Cucumber, Bitter Gourd, Pumpkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon, Moong Dal etc.
Major Crops in India
Wheat
| Highest per Hectare Yield: Punjab |
| Highest Producing Country: China |
| Highest Producing State: Uttar Pradesh |
| Major Producers: Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Uttarakhand |
| Rainfall: 20-100 cm (ideal ~75 cm) |
| Research Centres: Karnal, Haryana |
| Soil Type: Clay loam, Sandy loam |
| Temperature: 17-20 °C |
| Type of Crop: Rabi |
| Varieties: Kalyan Sona, Sonalika, Heera |
Rice
| Highest per Hectare Yield: Punjab |
| Highest Producer: West Bengal |
| Highest Producing Country: China |
| Major Producers: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Haryana |
| Rainfall: ∼ 150 cm |
| Research Centres: Cuttack, Odisha |
| Soil type: Clay/ Loamy |
| Techniques Used: Transplantation technique, Japanese Transplantation technique, new SRI technique |
| Temperature: ∼ 24 0C |
| Type of Crop: Kharif, Rabi |
| Varieties: Aman, Sali, Afghani, Aus, Boro, Palua |
Cotton
| Highest Producing Country: China |
| Leading Producer: Gujarat (According to the 2015 report) |
| Major Producers: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa |
| Rainfall: 50-100 cm |
| Research Centres: Nagpur, Maharashtra |
| Soil Type: Black soil (Highly water-retentive soil) |
| Temperature: 21-30 °C |
| Type of Crop: Kharif |
| Varieties: Long Staple, Medium Staple, Short Staple |
Jute
| Annual Rainfall: 125-200 cm. |
| Highest per Hectare Yield: West Bengal |
| Largest Producer: West Bengal |
| Major Producers: West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh |
| Research Centres: Kolkata & Nilgunj, West Bengal |
| Soil Type: Sandy and Clay Loam |
| Temperature: 24-35 °C. |
| Type of Crop: Zaid |
| Varieties: White Jute, Tossa Jute |
Sugarcane
| Highest per Hectare Yield: Tamil Nadu |
| Highest Producing Country: Brazil |
| Largest Producer: Uttar Pradesh |
| Major Producers: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab |
| Rainfall: 75-150 cm |
| Research Centre: Lucknow |
| Soil type: Clayey Loamy Soil/ Black Cotton Soil/ Red Loamy Soil/ Brown Loamy Soil |
| Temperature: 20-26 °C |
| Type of Crop: Kharif, Rabi |
Tea
| Highest Producer: Assam |
| Highest Producing Country: China |
| Major Producers: Assam, Darjeeling (West Bengal), Meghalaya, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka |
| Rainfall: 150-300 cm |
| Research Centres: Tocklai, Assam |
| Soil type: Loamy soil which is acidic in nature and rich in organic matter. |
| Temperature: 20-30 °C |
Coffee
| Highest Producer: Karnataka |
| Highest Producing Country: Brazil |
| Major Producers: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland |
| Rainfall: 150-250 cm |
| Soil type: Well-drained forest loam |
| Temperature: 16-28°C |
| Varieties: Arabica and Robusta |
Spices
| Arecanut – Kerala, Karnataka, Tripura, Assam |
| Cardamom (Queen of Aromatic Spices) – Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu |
| Chillies – Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan |
| Cinnamon – Kerala |
| Clove – Kerala |
| Coconut – Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh |
| Ginger – Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim |
| Nutmeg – Kerala |
| Pepper (King of Spices) – Kerala |
| Turmeric – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu |
| Temperature: 10-30 °C |
| Rainfall: 200-300 cm |
| Soil type: Loamy soil/ Lateritic soil |
| Location: 1000-2000m altitude of Western Ghats and other hilly areas |
| Major Producers: Kerala, Karnataka, |
| Highest Producer: Kerala |
Read More
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